Sedimentology
Hoda Bavi; Reza Moussavi-Haramia; Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy-Gharaie; Hamed Zand-Moghadam; Asadollah Mahboubi; Mohammad Reza Tohidi
Abstract
The geochemical separation pattern and environmental behavior of rare earth elements (ΣREE) have been investigated in 5 different sedimentary systems related to the Dar-e-Allo copper mine. For this purpose, the total concentration and sequential patterns of ΣREE elements were determined using ...
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The geochemical separation pattern and environmental behavior of rare earth elements (ΣREE) have been investigated in 5 different sedimentary systems related to the Dar-e-Allo copper mine. For this purpose, the total concentration and sequential patterns of ΣREE elements were determined using multi-acid digestion and mBCR (Modified Community Bureau of Reference, European Commission) selective extraction method. The normalization patterns of the total concentration of ΣREE are drawn based on the average North American Shale Composition (NASC) and Upper Continental Crust (UCC). General trends of concentration changes in the five sedimentary systems are very similar to each other, and the concentration of LREEs is higher than that HREEs, just a sample taken from under the rock dump that contains sulfide-leached elements shows a pattern different from other samples and standard patterns. Opposite of the changes in the concentration of ΣREEs, more enrichment is seen in HREEs compared to LREEs. This pattern of enrichment changes is consistent with the higher tendency of HREEs than LREEs for mobility during weathering and oxidation. The geochemical separation patterns of ΣREEs in natural sediment and samples containing iron and manganese oxides are mainly dominated by the residual fraction. Surprisingly, considering the different conditions of formation and stability in the samples taken from the waterways leading to the mine, evaporite deposits and sediments washed from the rock dump, the separation pattern of ΣREEs is controlled mainly with two parts soluble in Acid and reducible fraction. According to the enrichment trends, the trend of mobility and bioavailability from LREEs to HREEs increases with an upward slope. These results show that speciation, geochemical separation pattern and environmental behavior for ΣREEs without considering key environmental factors lead to a lack of understanding or even misinterpretation. The results of this study can be used as a reference in organizing the mine development and environmental planning of the Dar-e-Allo copper mine.
Enayatallah Haghfarshi; Peyman Rezaee; Seyed Reza Moosavi Harami; Mohammad Faridi
Abstract
Lignite Beds of Tabriz are among of the Neogene formations in the northwestern area of the Iran, which is spread in the eastern suburb of Tabriz. Its sedimentary facies includes facies groups of fine grains clastics, sandstones, limestones and facies of lignite, tuff and microfacies and petrofacies under ...
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Lignite Beds of Tabriz are among of the Neogene formations in the northwestern area of the Iran, which is spread in the eastern suburb of Tabriz. Its sedimentary facies includes facies groups of fine grains clastics, sandstones, limestones and facies of lignite, tuff and microfacies and petrofacies under them. In this study, two stratigraphic sections of these sediments in the eastern part of Tabriz were studied and 171 samples and 42 thin sections were collected and studied. XRD analysis for mineralogy and SEM electron microscopy for 3-dimensional studies were used to identify microfossils. Identified fossils include the genera and species of gastropods, Pelecypods, ostracods, fish, diatoms, charophyte algae, and foraminifera. The studied fossil assemblages includes species from freshwater to euryhaline and marine. The identified sedimentary environments include the lake basin environment, the shallow coastal environment and the marshy lake environment. In the studied sedimentary strata, strong fossil evidence and sedimentological evidence of the marine environment are not observed, at least during its lifetime. Therefore, it is concluded that the marine taxis in these deposits remain and are adapted from a former marine environment.
Hydrology
Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy Gharaie; Najmeh Rokhashmah; Asadollah Mahboubi; Seyed Reza Moussavi Harami
Abstract
The aims of this study are water quality assessment for drinking and industrial usages with refer to affective factors on water chemistry in North of Quchan plain, Razavi Khorasan province. 17 groundwater samples were collected for major cations (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+) and anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-) analysis. ...
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The aims of this study are water quality assessment for drinking and industrial usages with refer to affective factors on water chemistry in North of Quchan plain, Razavi Khorasan province. 17 groundwater samples were collected for major cations (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+) and anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-) analysis. According to Piper diagram, chemical composition of water samples is 29.4% Ca-SO4, 23.5% Na-SO4, 23.5% Mg-SO4, 11.8% Na-HCO3 and 5.8% Mg-HCO3. Based on Gibbs diagram, the main controlling process of the water composition is mainly water-rock interactions (weathering), rather than evaporation and precipitation. Schoeller diagram shows that most of water samples are categorized in moderate and acceptable classes. Also, based on water quality index (WQI), 70.59 % water samples are suitable for drinking usage. Increasing in SO42- concentration reduced the water quality for drinking purposes. Langelier index (LSI) shows 82.35 % water samples are scale forming and 17.65 % are corrosive. Scale forming of the water are due to high TH induced by carbonate dissolution (of Mozdouran and Tirgan Formations). In addition, corrosive property of some water samples is due to gypsum dissolution (from Shoorigeh Formation) and increasing of sulfate concentration in the groundwater.
Sedimentology
Gholamreza Hosseinyar; Reza Moussavi-Harami; Iraj Abdollahi fard; Asadollah Mahboubi; Hamidreza Mosaffa
Abstract
Identification of falling-stage system tracts (FSST) in sequence stratigraphy has important role in sequence boundary recognition and exploration researches. However, formation and preservation chance of its related facies in the fluvial successions is very low. This study pays to signs and evidence ...
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Identification of falling-stage system tracts (FSST) in sequence stratigraphy has important role in sequence boundary recognition and exploration researches. However, formation and preservation chance of its related facies in the fluvial successions is very low. This study pays to signs and evidence of identification of the FSST in sequence stratigraphy with an example from Lower Cretaceous fluvial Shurijeh Formation in the east Kopeh Dagh Basin. Integration of 3D seismic data with boreholes data from seven wells and four outcrop sections (Shurijeh Village, Anjeer-Bulagh, Mozduran Pass and Qorqoreh) used in this study. Results show that during Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous marine regression fine-grained and hybrid carbonate-siliciclastic facies in the base of the Shurijeh Formation are belong to falling stage system tract. These facies deposited in low energy condition in flood plain and coastal plain, related to the shoreline trajectory. Based on seismic stratigraphic study, fluvial system tocks place and channels created in the basin, during sea/base level forced regression. Quantitative seismic geomorphological analyses indicate that existed channels were hydraulically as bypassing channels.
Mostafa Moradi; Asadollah Mahboubi; Mohammad Khanehbad; Ali Ghabieshavi
Abstract
The Asmari Formation is the main reservoir rock for the Aghajari oilfieild. It is composed of about 400-meter limestone, dolostone and interlayers of sandstones. Study of 1200 meters drilling cores, 2800 microscopic thin sections, 12 SEM analyses along with 125 routine core tests in 5 cored wells indicate ...
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The Asmari Formation is the main reservoir rock for the Aghajari oilfieild. It is composed of about 400-meter limestone, dolostone and interlayers of sandstones. Study of 1200 meters drilling cores, 2800 microscopic thin sections, 12 SEM analyses along with 125 routine core tests in 5 cored wells indicate that the Asmari Formation was effected by various diagenetic processes such as micritization, compaction, cementation, fracturing, dissolution and dolomitization. Some of these processes (e.g. dissolution, dolomitization and fracturing) have constructive effects on the reservoir quality and created wide variety of porosity types including vuggy, intercrystaline and channel in upper parts of the Asmari Formation. Destructive diagenetic processes (micritization, compaction and cementation) have destroyed pore spaces and make the lower parts of the Asmari (specially zone 5) to a non-reservoir unit. Porosity-permeability plots on the Lucia's diagram show sandstones and carbonates rocks with interparticle porosities have good reservoir qualities and always plot on upper parts of classes 1-3. Samples with fracture porosity mainly plot on upper part of class 1. This shows fractures has no considerable role in promoting the porosity, but they strongly increase permeability. Dolostones and the rocks with vuggy porosity have plotted on classes 2 and 3 (high porosity, relatively high permeability). Paragenetic secession of the Asmari Formation shows the diagenetic processes occurred syn-sedimentary on sea floor, after sedimentation during the low-deep burry and uplift. The results of this study can be useful in detection of reservoir zones, increasing of hydrocarbon production and enhanced recovery of this oilfield.
Sedimentology
naser abdi; Reza Moussavi-Harami
Abstract
The Qatar-Cowbandi arc is a giant regional anticline with northeast- southwest direction, runs through the Qatar peninsula, extends northeastward through the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf. The arc in the Iranian part is subject of the study meditation. In this paper the interpretation of 2D seismic ...
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The Qatar-Cowbandi arc is a giant regional anticline with northeast- southwest direction, runs through the Qatar peninsula, extends northeastward through the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf. The arc in the Iranian part is subject of the study meditation. In this paper the interpretation of 2D seismic in the interval of top of Laffan to top of Jahrum formations, allows the regional research of the arc in the study area. Seismic interpretation in both horizons have distinct indications for existing a platform in the area with northwest- southeast direction, which smoothly dipping toward northeast, with some highs resulted from salt diapirs activity. According to isopach map provided for sedimentary sequence of Ilam-Jahrum formations, which was prepared based on 2D seismic data, the sediments thickness decreases in the platform area. The platform is interpreted as crest of arc, on which low rate of sediment precipitation occurred due to low accommodation space, resulted from the arc uplifting activity. Therefore, the arc and also salt diapers, should be considered as regional important factor in sequence stratigraphy study for the precipitated sediments.
Sedimentology
Ehsan Zamaniyan; Mohammad Khanehbad; Reza Mossavi-Harami; Asadollah Mahboubi
Abstract
Qadir Member of Nayband Formation in the eastern part of central Iran have a wide outcrop. Investigating the lithofacies and sedimentary environment of Qadir Member of Nayband Formation (Upper Triassic) in east central Iran, Tabas Block, resulted in identifying the coastal plain, deltaic and open marine ...
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Qadir Member of Nayband Formation in the eastern part of central Iran have a wide outcrop. Investigating the lithofacies and sedimentary environment of Qadir Member of Nayband Formation (Upper Triassic) in east central Iran, Tabas Block, resulted in identifying the coastal plain, deltaic and open marine deposits. Based onfield evidences, the facies features and the geometry of beds, this member consists of two lithofacies include carbonate and siliciclastic facies. The siliciclastic facies were identified as having four sandstone facies (medium-grained), including Sr, Sh, Sp, St and three fine-grained lithofacies, including FI, Fm, Fl (Sr) / Sr (FI) and one coal facies (C). Also carbonate facies are calcirudite and calcarenite. Regarding the field, laboratory studies and identifying the lithofacies, the coastal plain, deltaic (including deltaic plain, proximal delta front, distal delta front, and prodelta) and open marine environments were identified for Qadir Member on which it is under the impact of tidal currents.
A Sarhangi; S Modabberi; S.R Mousavi Harami; M Zibayi
Abstract
The anthropogenic and natural contaminants are considered as the main factors threatening water resources and they are in direct connection to the public health and also threaten the development of water resources. The Latyan Dam reservoir is the main source of drinking water of Tehran metropolitan ...
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The anthropogenic and natural contaminants are considered as the main factors threatening water resources and they are in direct connection to the public health and also threaten the development of water resources. The Latyan Dam reservoir is the main source of drinking water of Tehran metropolitan area. In this paper, the environmental geochemistry of water and sediments have been studied. Eight sampling stations were selected in the lake and water samples were taken for measurement of trace elements in dissolved and particulate phases. In addition, sediment samples were taken at the same points by using a grab. The geochemical analysis performed by ICP-OES method showed that the concentration of potentially toxic metals were measured below the detection limit of the instrument and fall in the ranges of safe drinking water guidelines. The sediment samples showed concentrations within the quality guideline values except for As and Pb. The enrichment factor and Igeo were calculated for the sediment samples indicating that the sediments are not contaminated. Metal enrichment in sediments is however very strong compared to water samples and it is suggested that the adsorption processes have important role in sorption of metal contaminants onto the surface of sediment particles and it could be regarded as a potential for contamination if they return to water column in case of change in sediment physicochemical conditions.
M Kavianpor sangno; A Namdarian; S.R mousavi-Harami; A Mahboubi; A Omidpour
Abstract
Evaporites include wide range of chemical deposits, which are precipitated in surface or near surface, from the concentrated brine by evaporation. Diagenetic processes are important factors can effect on reservoir quality. The Oligo-Miocene Asmari reservoir comprise of siliciclastic and carbonate sequences ...
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Evaporites include wide range of chemical deposits, which are precipitated in surface or near surface, from the concentrated brine by evaporation. Diagenetic processes are important factors can effect on reservoir quality. The Oligo-Miocene Asmari reservoir comprise of siliciclastic and carbonate sequences in the Mansouri Oil Field and reservoir quality of these rocks are affected by diagenetic processes during the time. One of the most important processes is anhydrite cement, which spread as layer, poikilotopic, pores filler and pervasive, early nodular, nodular- burial, scattered crystals, fracture and vein filler in the reservoir. Spread of anhydrite cement has a negative impact on the reservoir quality. On the other hand, the higher solubility of anhydrite cement than carbonate cement can have a positive effect on the reservoir quality. The Interplay of digenetic processes and anhydrite texture is visible in increasing or decreasing of characteristics of the Asmari reservoir. The result of this study shows that anhydrite (during diagenesis) as a cement with poikilotopic fabric and pervasive texture of porosity filler has the most important role in reduction of reservoir quality, but the processes such as dissolution has the main role in increasing of reservoir quality of the Asmari Formation in the Mansouri Oil Field.
M.A Salehi; S.R Mousavi-Harami; A Mahboubi; B Rahimi
Abstract
The Lower Jurassic Ab-Haji Formation consists of siliciclastic sediments, which are widely exposed in the Tabas Block. This formation varies in thickness from tens of meters to more than 500 m in northern Tabas Block. The Ab-Haji Formation with avearge thickness of 75 meters presents in the Tabas Coal ...
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The Lower Jurassic Ab-Haji Formation consists of siliciclastic sediments, which are widely exposed in the Tabas Block. This formation varies in thickness from tens of meters to more than 500 m in northern Tabas Block. The Ab-Haji Formation with avearge thickness of 75 meters presents in the Tabas Coal Mine area and consists mainly of sandstone, siltstone, claystone with a few thin interbeds of coal seams. Two outcrops and three exploration boreholes were studied in order to identify lithofacies and to interpret the depositional environment. The lithofacies analysis in outcrops imply two siliciclastic coarse grained (Gcm, Gt), four medium grained (St, Sp, Sr, Sh), two fine grained (Fl, Fm) and one coal lithofacies. Identified lithofacies can be grouped into four architectural elements including channel, point bar, crevasse splay and coastal plain swamps. The electorofacies and log motif analysis led to recognition and differentiation of architectural elements in exploration boreholes. The lithofacies and architectural elements show that the siliciclastic sediments of the Ab-Haji Formation were deposited in the meandering river system within a coastal plain with widespread swamps. The sedimentological analysis led to reconstruction of paleogeography in eastern part of the Tabas Block, which shows deposition of nonmarine to coastal plain environment in this part of the block.
M khanjani; S.R Moussavi-Harami; H Rahimpour-Bonab; M.R Kamali
Abstract
The Albian - Turonian Sarvak Formation, the second major reservoir formation in south and southwest Iran is composed of mainly carbonate rocks. In this study, the upper part of Sarvak Formation in Siri Oil Fields was studied to determine facies, depositional environments, diagenetic processes and sequence ...
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The Albian - Turonian Sarvak Formation, the second major reservoir formation in south and southwest Iran is composed of mainly carbonate rocks. In this study, the upper part of Sarvak Formation in Siri Oil Fields was studied to determine facies, depositional environments, diagenetic processes and sequence stratigraphy analysis. The facies analysis led to the recognition of 12 microfacies in 5 facies associations, which deposited in a homoclinal carbonate ramp environment. The main diagenetic processes affected carbonates of this formation are bioturbation, micritization, cementation, dissolution, dolomitization, stylolitization, pyritization and fracturing. The most important cements in this formation are fine equant calcite cement, drusy mosaic calcite cement, coarse blocky calcite cement and syntaxial calcite overgrowth cement. Three third order sequences recognized in sequence stratigraphic studies for the upper part of Sarvak Formation taking into account of facies and diagenetic events in a sequence stratigraphic framework.
S.A Aleali; H. Rahimpour-Bonab; S. R. Moussavi -Harami; D. Jahani; A. Asadi-Eskandar
Abstract
The Early Triassic carbonates of Kangan Formation are major gas reservoirs in the Southwest of Iran and the northern Persian Gulf. Facies analyses of Kangan Formation led to recognition of 13 microfacies which are related to tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and open marine environments. Examination of vertical ...
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The Early Triassic carbonates of Kangan Formation are major gas reservoirs in the Southwest of Iran and the northern Persian Gulf. Facies analyses of Kangan Formation led to recognition of 13 microfacies which are related to tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and open marine environments. Examination of vertical and lateral facies changes and thire comparison with their modern and ancient counterparts, all indicate that Kangan Formation were deposited in a shallow carbonate ramp platform similar to the present day Persian Gulf. The sequence stratigraphic studies showed that the Kangan Formation consists of two third order depositional sequences (in the A and B wells), each consisting of transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The lower boundary of the first sequence is a type 1 unconformity, but other boundaries are type 2 unconformity. Typical reservoir zone in the Kangan Formation is dominated in early highstand systems tract deposits and concentrated in shoal grainstone facies. However, in this paper, typical intervals such as sequence boundaries, maximum flooding surfaces, stacking patterns and system tracts were studied.
G. R Hosseinyar; R Moussavi-Harami; R Behbahani
Abstract
Using high-resolution shallow seismic data, we have investigated the seismic facies in northern Qeshm Island waterways in East of Persian Gulf. Seismic data obtained with Sub-bottom profiler and then interpreted by ISE software. Studies lead to recognizing 7 types seismic facies on seismic data. These ...
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Using high-resolution shallow seismic data, we have investigated the seismic facies in northern Qeshm Island waterways in East of Persian Gulf. Seismic data obtained with Sub-bottom profiler and then interpreted by ISE software. Studies lead to recognizing 7 types seismic facies on seismic data. These facies are detectable by amplitude, continuity, geometry, internal pattern and staking pattern from each other. Results show that seismic facies formed in two various environments condition. Lower part facies have low amplitude with high lateral continuity and sustainability; but upper seismic facies have various amplitude with low lateral continuity. These facies have deposited in five periods that separate with erosional surfaces. Changes of depositional environments and province region of sediment supply can be realize from seismic facies. So, through deposition of LAP-C and MAC facies sediments have supplied from Qeshm Island; but, at the time of deposition of LAC and HAC sediments interred from the North.
M. Mehdinia; R. Moussavi Harami; D. Jahani
Abstract
The goal of this study is to use petrographic and other sedimentary features to interpret depositional environment of Faraghan Formation (Lower Permian) in one of the wells in Golshan Field. Golshan Gas Field is located at about 180 km South East of Bushehr between South Pars and North Pars and Ferdowsi ...
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The goal of this study is to use petrographic and other sedimentary features to interpret depositional environment of Faraghan Formation (Lower Permian) in one of the wells in Golshan Field. Golshan Gas Field is located at about 180 km South East of Bushehr between South Pars and North Pars and Ferdowsi Fields. In this study, 130 thin sections of cuttings have been studied, and 8 petrofacies and 3 microfacies and 2 hybrid arenite fasies were identified in the well. Textural maturity of sediments, such as well- sorted and rounded quartz grains, show that the Faraghan Formation was deposited in coastal and shallow marine environments. The identified Facies has been deposited in sabkha, estuarine, foreshore, shoreface and offshore subenvironments.
S. Shariati; S. A. Aghanabati; S. R. Mousavi Harami; S. Modabberi; M. H. Adabi
Abstract
Angouran Lead and Zinc Mining deposit is one of the biggest Lead and Zinc deposits of Middle East and one of five great mines of Iran according to the article of categorization of the mines of Iran. In addition to the diverse metal and non-metal mines, there are many industries and factories in this ...
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Angouran Lead and Zinc Mining deposit is one of the biggest Lead and Zinc deposits of Middle East and one of five great mines of Iran according to the article of categorization of the mines of Iran. In addition to the diverse metal and non-metal mines, there are many industries and factories in this region which most of them were active and are as conversion industries of Zinc soil into the Concentrate or as factoring of Lead and Zinc Bar. The realized studies demonstrate that due to activation of existent industries in that region, the rate of some elements are in unusual level and show some fundamental environmental abnormalities. The environment of the region is mostly influenced by the accumulation of wastes and residues dispossessed as cake in the borders of the rivers and canals and open lands. These Cakes which as a matter of fact are the residues of proceeding of the flotation and melting the Lead and Zinc and the process of Concentrate factoring, may have lost the great amount of their Lead and Zinc in the industrial point of view, but as an environment view, those have a lot of Lead and Zinc many times more than allowed limits which are potentially toxic. At the other hand, by reduction of these elements, the densities of other elements are increasing. This means intensive effects which in this paper are going to be surveyed. The rates of these elements in some samples are reported exceeding to 10,000 ppm Lead and Zinc and Nickel and also 8,000 ppm Arsenic and 4,000 Cadmium. The studies also demonstrate that waste pool or the pools of residues are one of the most fundamental causes of dangers for the environment of the region. The rate of 200,000 ppm of Zinc and sometimes 2000 ppm of Lead and 20,000 ppm Nickel, also tha rate of some hundreds ppm of arsenic and even 200,000 ppm of Cadmium in the water and water deposits of the region are some of those dangers. The most of these abnormalities are seen in the sediments and water of the region, however the agricultural grounds are also influenced by these pollutions and are included some major abnormalities in term of the environment. This paper will exclusively review the allowed rate of the elements of Lead, Zinc, Cadmium, and Arsenic and survey the principal manners of access of these elements to the environment of region and also try to present some solution for the control and reduction of these rates.
S. H. Hejazi; M. H. Adabi; S. R. Moussavi Harami
Abstract
The Givetian-Frasnian sandstones in the Kuh-e-Tizi section (25 km NE Kerman), unconformably overlie the Upper Cambrian Kuhbanan and underlie the Lower Carboniferous Hutk Formations respectively, in southeastern Central Iran. Petrographical data show that these sandstones are well-sorted, sub-angular ...
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The Givetian-Frasnian sandstones in the Kuh-e-Tizi section (25 km NE Kerman), unconformably overlie the Upper Cambrian Kuhbanan and underlie the Lower Carboniferous Hutk Formations respectively, in southeastern Central Iran. Petrographical data show that these sandstones are well-sorted, sub-angular to rounded quartzarenite. Diagenetic features include physical and chemical compactions (straight, concavo-convex, sutured grain contacts and pressure solution of quartz grain), reduction of the pore space through rearrangements and cementation (mostly silica, as quartz overgrowth). The provenance and tectonic setting of these sandstones have been interpreted using integrated petrographic and geochemical data. Petrographic analysis using standard methods revealed that mono and poly-crystalline quartz grains have been derived from plutonic rocks of an interior cratonic setting. Trace element analyses and their ratios used for provenance studies (Th/Sc and La/Sc) are similar to sediments derived from weathering of mostly felsic rocks. Values representing chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) range from 44.24 to 83.43, with an average of 69.96, and from 42.98 to 92.56, with an average of 75.8, respectively. However, most samples have values greater than 60, suggesting moderate to high weathering in the source area or during transportation prior to find deposition. Major and trace element concentrations indicated a depositional setting in a passive continental margin.